Interesting piece. Citations would've made it even more interesting. Might've restacked if the sources cited seemed reasonable, since Geo-rg-ists are interested in the land-labor relationship and its legal evolution.
The simplest way to answer satisfy your request of citations without excess verbosity is as follows:
"The right to trial by jury in civil cases, guaranteed by the 7th Amendment…and the right to bear arms guaranteed by the 2nd Amendment…have been distinctly held not to be privileges and immunities of citizens of the United States guaranteed by the 14th Amendment…and in effect the same decision was made in respect of the guarantee against prosecution, except by indictment of a grand jury, contained in the 5th Amendment…and in respect of the right to be confronted with witnesses, contained in the 6th Amendment…it was held that the indictment, made indispensable by the 5th Amendment, and trial by jury guaranteed by the 6th Amendment, were not privileges and immunities of citizens of the United States, as those words were used in the 14th Amendment. We conclude, therefore, that the exemption from compulsory self-incrimination is not a privilege or immunity of National citizenship guaranteed by this clause of the 14th Amendment." Twining v. New Jersey, 211 US 78, 98-99
AND
“There is a clear distinction between national citizenship and state citizenship.” 256 P. 545. Affirmed 278 US 123, Tashiro v Jordan
AND
“governments are but trustees acting under derived authority and have no power to delegate what is not delegated to them. But the people, as the original fountain might take away what they have delegated and entrust to whom they please. … The sovereignty in every state resides in the people of the state and they may alter and change their form of government at their own pleasure.” – Luther v Borden. 48 US 1. 12 Led 581.
There are numerous other cases that confirm this same reality. There is a National government and hence National citizenship that is confirmed in the 14th amendment as a citizen of the United States. This is a vastly different claimed status than that of a man or woman of a state who may or may not be a citizen in the Republican form of government depending on their volunteer or elected status.
The enumerated duties expressly stated in the Constitutions clarify the limited authority of the National (Federal) government. This begs the question of where do the other governmental duties lie? With the people of a state.
Article IV section 4 Clause 1 of the Constitution for the united States of America clearly notes that:
The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of
Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of
the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened)
against domestic Violence.
In this case the word 'State' is with a capital 'S' and notes "in this Union". That is a body politic and part of the States of the Union. This means the Republican Form of Government is guaranteed ["assuming the People exercise this guarantee"] for not only the people at the local level, but also at the State body politic level.
Here is a citation of the most referenced change in American History based on the "United States" government. This book was one of the first reframing of the people and government after the Civil War.
Woodburn, J. A., & Moran, T. F. (1908). American history and government; a text-book on the history and Civil Government of the United States. Longmans, Green, and Co.
The main difference prior and after the Civil War in rural areas was most education was in small one-room school houses and local run schools up to the 1950's until the large push for universal common public schools. Horace Mann (May 4, 1796 – August 2, 1859) was considered the founder of modern American education and started the movement to push for common public schools. He argued "universal public education" is the best way to convert unruly kids into proper public servants and contributors to society.
Yet, the contrary reality is corporal punishment in school was the expected method by parents in the south and the northern schools were in some instances more reserved.
So education was less with text books prior to the Civil War. After the Civil War rural schools and local schools across the growing America still followed the one room school house method. Teachings were by the adult running the multi-age school room. And there are those from the 40's and 50's (1900's) that still remember being taught the two government system in those school houses. This aligns with the court cases expressing the very different class of citizens and governments.
Interesting piece. Citations would've made it even more interesting. Might've restacked if the sources cited seemed reasonable, since Geo-rg-ists are interested in the land-labor relationship and its legal evolution.
The simplest way to answer satisfy your request of citations without excess verbosity is as follows:
"The right to trial by jury in civil cases, guaranteed by the 7th Amendment…and the right to bear arms guaranteed by the 2nd Amendment…have been distinctly held not to be privileges and immunities of citizens of the United States guaranteed by the 14th Amendment…and in effect the same decision was made in respect of the guarantee against prosecution, except by indictment of a grand jury, contained in the 5th Amendment…and in respect of the right to be confronted with witnesses, contained in the 6th Amendment…it was held that the indictment, made indispensable by the 5th Amendment, and trial by jury guaranteed by the 6th Amendment, were not privileges and immunities of citizens of the United States, as those words were used in the 14th Amendment. We conclude, therefore, that the exemption from compulsory self-incrimination is not a privilege or immunity of National citizenship guaranteed by this clause of the 14th Amendment." Twining v. New Jersey, 211 US 78, 98-99
AND
“There is a clear distinction between national citizenship and state citizenship.” 256 P. 545. Affirmed 278 US 123, Tashiro v Jordan
AND
“governments are but trustees acting under derived authority and have no power to delegate what is not delegated to them. But the people, as the original fountain might take away what they have delegated and entrust to whom they please. … The sovereignty in every state resides in the people of the state and they may alter and change their form of government at their own pleasure.” – Luther v Borden. 48 US 1. 12 Led 581.
There are numerous other cases that confirm this same reality. There is a National government and hence National citizenship that is confirmed in the 14th amendment as a citizen of the United States. This is a vastly different claimed status than that of a man or woman of a state who may or may not be a citizen in the Republican form of government depending on their volunteer or elected status.
The enumerated duties expressly stated in the Constitutions clarify the limited authority of the National (Federal) government. This begs the question of where do the other governmental duties lie? With the people of a state.
Article IV section 4 Clause 1 of the Constitution for the united States of America clearly notes that:
The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of
Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of
the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened)
against domestic Violence.
In this case the word 'State' is with a capital 'S' and notes "in this Union". That is a body politic and part of the States of the Union. This means the Republican Form of Government is guaranteed ["assuming the People exercise this guarantee"] for not only the people at the local level, but also at the State body politic level.
Here is a citation of the most referenced change in American History based on the "United States" government. This book was one of the first reframing of the people and government after the Civil War.
Woodburn, J. A., & Moran, T. F. (1908). American history and government; a text-book on the history and Civil Government of the United States. Longmans, Green, and Co.
The main difference prior and after the Civil War in rural areas was most education was in small one-room school houses and local run schools up to the 1950's until the large push for universal common public schools. Horace Mann (May 4, 1796 – August 2, 1859) was considered the founder of modern American education and started the movement to push for common public schools. He argued "universal public education" is the best way to convert unruly kids into proper public servants and contributors to society.
Yet, the contrary reality is corporal punishment in school was the expected method by parents in the south and the northern schools were in some instances more reserved.
Unknown. (2023, October 5). Education during the 1860s. American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/education-during-1860s
So education was less with text books prior to the Civil War. After the Civil War rural schools and local schools across the growing America still followed the one room school house method. Teachings were by the adult running the multi-age school room. And there are those from the 40's and 50's (1900's) that still remember being taught the two government system in those school houses. This aligns with the court cases expressing the very different class of citizens and governments.